Abstract

With the growing adoption of electric vehicles, second-life applications of batteries that have completed their service in EVs are gaining importance. This study aims to enhance power quality and reduce losses in the grid by integrating a 2 MWh energy storage system (ESS) composed of second-use batteries. The IEEE 30-bus test system was employed to examine the effects of second-life ESS integration on active power losses and voltage profiles. ESS units were tested at multiple bus locations, and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) analyses were performed to identify the bus providing the lowest losses. The optimal placement was determined using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Additionally, the environmental impact was evaluated, showing that second-use battery integration supports both technical efficiency and sustainability. The results indicate that reusing EV batteries in grid applications is a promising solution to reduce network losses and carbon emissions while aligning with circular economy principles.

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