Abstract

The failure of cracking is one of the main concerns regarding the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Since the characteristic of the materials of the mixtures has impact on their cracking potential, the main conception of this research is to evaluate the effect of the type of size and additive percentage of crumb rubber modified (CRM) on the resistance of mixtures to crack at mid and low temperatures. For this purpose, rubber bitumen containing 10% and 15% crumb rubber with fine and coarse sizes with wet process was prepared. Asphalt mixtures with dense and gap grading were designed by using rubber bitumen produced by superpave method. The three-points bending test of semicircle bending sample (SCB) was used to evaluate the fracture characteristics of asphalt mixtures at low and middle temperatures (25°C and -12°C). Accordingly, the failure characteristics of asphalt mixtures were evaluated in two modes with short-term and long-term aging. The failure test results indicated that the produced mixtures with crumb rubbers additive have high resourcing resistance compared to control mixtures (without crumb rubber additive), were also revealed. Mixtures with dense grading and fine crumb rubber have high fracture resistance compared to mix with gap grading and coarse crumb rubber. Also, the increasing of the percentage of crumb rubber improved the resistance of the mixed failure. In general, it can be stated that the addition of crumb rubber increases the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures which can improve its performance before cracking at mid and low temperatures.

References

[1] Farouk, A. I. B. et al. Effects of mixture design variables on rubber–bitumen interaction: properties of dry mixed rubberized asphalt mixture. Mater. Struct. Constr. 50, 1–10 (2017).

[2] Hassan, N. A., Airey, G. D., Jaya, R. P., Mashros, N. & Aziz, M. A. A review of crumb rubber modification in dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixtures. J. Teknol. 70, 127–134 (2014).

[3] Kim, Y. R. & Wen, H. Fracture energy from indirect tension testing. Asph. Paving Technol. Assoc. Asph.Paving Technol. Tech. Sess. 71, 779–793 (2002

[4] Tabatabaee, N., Sabouri, M., Tabatabaee, H. & Teymourpour, P. Evaluation of performance grading parameters for crumb rubber modified asphalt binders and mixtures. Adv. Test. Charact. Bitum. Mater. 1–11 (2009). doi:10.1201.9780203092989.ch58

[5] Tabatabaee, N. & Tabatabaee, H. A. Multiple stress creep and recovery and time sweep fatigue tests: Crumb rubber modified binder and mixture performance. Transp. Res. Rec. 67–74 (2010). doi:10.3141.2180-08

[6] Nejad, F. M., Aghajani, P., Modarres, A. & Firoozifar, H. Investigating the properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen using classic and SHRP testing methods. Constr. Build. Mater. 26, 481–489 (2012).

[7] Pirmohammad, S. & Ayatollahi, M. R. Fracture resistance of asphalt concrete under different loading modes and temperature conditions. Constr. Build. Mater. 53, 235–242 (2014).

[8] Pérez-Jiménez, F., Botella, R., Moon, K. H. & Marasteanu, M. Effect of load application rate and temperature on the fracture energy of asphalt mixtures. Fénix and semi-circular bending tests. Constr. Build. Mater. 48, 1067–1071 (2013).

[9] Sarkar, A. Combined effect of loading pattern, pulse duration, and stress level on the cyclic creep test of asphalt mixture. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29, 1–8 (2017).

[10] UCPRC-RR. Preliminary Investigation into the Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Gap-Graded Asphalt Rubber Mixes, and Use of Reclaimed Asphalt  Rubber Pavement in Conventional Asphalt Concrete Mixes. (2016).

[11] ALDOT-307-83. DESIGN METHOD FOR SELECTING OPTIMUM ASPHALT CEMENT CONTENTOF HOT-MIX ASPHALT BY MEANS OF THE MARSHALL APPARATUS.(2008).

[12] N.Paul, K. & S., S. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MIXTURE PROPERTIES AND COMPACTION METHODS ON THE PREDICTED PERFORMANCE OF  SUPERPAVE MIXTURES by N . Paul Khosla S . Sadasivam FINAL REPORT FHWA. NC . 2002-030 in Cooperation with North Carolina Department of Transportation De. (2002)  

[13] [USA] MS-2. ASPHALT MIX DESIGN METHODS (7TH EDITION) 2014.

[14] Tx DOT Designation: Tex-227-F. Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity of Bituminous Mixtures.(2019).  

[15] AASHTO R 30. STANDARD PRACTICE FOR MIXTURE CONDITIONING OF HOT MIX ASPHALT.

[16] NCHRP 09-54. Long-Term Aging of Asphalt Mixtures for Performance Testing and Prediction. (2013).