Abstract

Recently, many problems regarding differential settlement for newly constructed buildings in Fayoum city, Egypt have been monitored. This research presents an applied technique for utilizing total station in observing horizontal and vertical movements happening by time for some building in Fayoum city. The building was monitored for thirty three months divided into three phases. In the first phase, façade of building was observed for four and half months to monitor differential settlement and take the right decision for resolving differential settlement problem. The second phase was the execution of that decision. Time for second phase was four and half months. Finally, in the third phase façade of building was reobserved for two years in order to make sure that the movement of façade points was stopped. The obtained results showed that the used technique provided a powerful and efficient tool to observe movements of façade points by time.

References

[1] Afeni, T. and Cawood, F. Slope Monitoring using Total Station: What are the Challenges and How Should These be Mitigated?. South African Journal of Geomatics, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013.
[2] Baykal, O., Tari, E., Coskun, Z., and Erden, T. Accuracy of Point Layout with Polar Coordinates. ASCE, Journal of Surveying Engineering, Volume 131, Issue 3 (87 – 93), 2005.
[3] Eisenhart, L. Coordinate Geometry. New Dover Edition, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, USA, 2005.
[4] Kaloop, M., Beshr, A., and Elshiekh, M. Using Total Station for Monitoring the Deformation of High Strength Concrete Beams. 6th International Conference on Vibration Engineering (ICVE’2008), Dalian, China, 2008.
[5] Kananagh, B. and Mastin, T. Surveying Principles and Applications. 9th Edition, Pearson, USA, 2014.
[6] Mikhail, E. M. and Ackermann F. E. Observations and Least Squares. 2nd Edition, University Press of America, USA, 1982.
[7] RICS Guidance Note. EDM Calibration. 2nd Edition, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), UK, 2007.
[8] Sokkia. Series 10 Set210 Electronic Total Station Operator's Manual. 4th Edition, Sokkia Co., Ltd., Japan, 2001.
[9] Thomas H. Slope Stability Prism Monitoring: A Guide for Practising Mine Surveyors. Master of Science Thesis in Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2011.
[10] Uren, J. and Price, B. Surveying for Engineers. 5th Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2010.